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Lithium batteries have many advantages. Why don't manufacturers replace all electric vehicle batteries with lithium batteries?

Release time:

2023-09-15

Source:

Network

Electric vehicles are one of the most commonly used short-distance transportation tools for ordinary people, especially now that there are more and more private cars, and the road conditions during rush hours are getting worse and worse. The portability advantage of electric vehicles is very obvious. It is not only convenient for short-distance travel, but also very economical.

The principle of the use of electric vehicles is also very simple. It relies on the battery to store electricity, discharge when riding, and drive the vehicle to run. The more important part of an electric vehicle is the battery. At present, the main batteries of electric vehicles are lead-acid. Two types of batteries and lithium batteries.

Lithium battery is a rising star of electric vehicle batteries. It was only after the implementation of the new national standard that it was rapidly popularized. Compared with lead-acid batteries, lithium batteries are light and compact. So, lithium batteries have so many advantages. Why don't manufacturers replace all electric vehicle batteries with lithium batteries? Today, a small family map will make you understand it all at once.

The battery life is good or not, in addition to the capacity to consider the density, then, lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries, what is the difference in density, from the above picture can see the specific data:

lead-acid batteryEnergy density 30 ~ 50wh/kg, volume energy density 62 ~ 80wh/L, weight energy density 25~30 wh/kg;

Lithium batteryEnergy density 110 ~ 160wh/kg, volume energy density 350 ~ 400wh/L, weight energy density 180~200 wh/kg;

What does it mean: Lead-acid and lithium batteries have large differences in the three energy densities. The difference in energy density means that under the same capacity, the lithium battery will have more storage capacity, and the higher the volume density, the same capacity It will be smaller, the higher the weight density, the lighter the weight with the same capacity. It can be seen that lithium batteries run farther, lighter and smaller than lead-acid batteries with the same capacity.

In addition, the data in the picture shows that in terms of cycle life, lead-acid batteries are only 200-300 times, while lithium batteries can reach 500-2000 times, and the theoretical service life is about 2-6 times that of lead-acid batteries.

So, lithium batteries have so many advantages over lead-acid batteries. Today's electric vehicle batteries are still dominated by bulky lead-acid batteries. Why don't manufacturers replace all electric vehicle batteries with lithium batteries? In fact, you can also find the answer from the picture. It is reflected in the overcharge resistance and self-discharge. Let's take a look.

Resistance to overcharge: What is overcharge, refers to the battery beyond the reasonable charging time, such as normal 6 hours full, charging more than 6 hours, overcharge will cause the battery to overheat, damage the battery, and from the lead-acid battery and lithium battery resistance In terms of overcharge capacity, lead-acid batteries will be higher, and lithium batteries are relatively low. Once overcharged, it will not only hurt the battery, but also fire hazards such as spontaneous combustion.

Self-discharge: It means that the battery will discharge when it is not in use. The self-discharge of lead-acid battery is 5% and that of lithium battery is 10%, which means that although the storage capacity of lithium battery is better, its storage capacity is not good if it is placed.

As can be seen from the above, although lithium batteries have advantages in life, volume, weight, and endurance, they also have their own shortcomings in terms of self-discharge and overcharge resistance. They can basically "draw a draw", but you must know, The price of lithium batteries is about 2 to 3 times that of lead-acid batteries. In this case, lead-acid batteries will certainly have more advantages, not all the bulky lead-acid batteries will be replaced with lithium batteries.

Let's talk about whether lithium batteries will completely replace lead-acid batteries in the long run. As a practitioner of electric vehicles, my view is "very likely". As the economic capacity of ordinary people improves, the price difference between lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries will become weaker and weaker. Once lithium battery technology is improved in resistance to overcharge and self-discharge, the light and small advantages of lithium batteries are well in line with the new national standard vehicle weight of no more than 55kg, there will be more and more markets, or is it expected that all lithium batteries will replace lead-acid batteries.

Key words:

Lithium batteries have many advantages. Why don't manufacturers replace all electric vehicle batteries with lithium batteries?

Long-term energy storage demand outbreak lithium battery mainstream status challenges (II)

Clearly lithium batteries are more durable and have a long life, why can't they replace lead-acid batteries?

Long-term energy storage demand outbreak lithium battery mainstream status challenges (II)

Clearly lithium batteries are more durable and have a long life, why can't they replace lead-acid batteries?